folklore

The Phantom Hares of Spring

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(Image: Rabbit at full moon (1900 – 1930) by Ohara Koson (1877-1945).
Source: The Rijksmuseum. Digitally enhanced by rawpixel.)

On quiet spring evenings, when the light begins to fade into dusk, hares emerge at the edges of fields and lope out from the hedgerows. For centuries, people across Britain and Ireland have watched these mysterious creatures and wondered if what they were seeing was just an animal, or something more.

At Easter, the cheerful Easter bunny visits, bringing us gifts of colourfully wrapped chocolate eggs. Children run in excitement around gardens, peering under hedges and amongst the golden daffodils, looking for these jolly treats left by the benevolent bunny. The Easter Bunny is the soft and fluffy, Victorian popularised version of something much older that has haunted the human imagination since ancient times. The hare bounds out to us from the shadows of Easter folklore as a symbol of renewal, fertility, and spring abundance. Beneath these positive symbols, however, there lies something far darker and much more superstitious. Across Britain and Ireland, we find that stories persist of spectral hares glimpsed from the dark treelines at dusk, tales of long-eared restless spirits still bound to the land, and beliefs that these creatures are portents of ill fortune. From the rugged cliffs of Cornwall to the windswept coastal tracks of Cumbria, these uncanny creatures blend both folklore and haunting.

The White Dobbie of Bardsea, Cumbria

Our first legend takes place on stormy nights on the coastal road between Bardsea and Ramside in Cumbria. Here, local lore tells of a sinister phantom known as “White Dobbie”. This is no kindly household spirit. This is something far more disturbing.  The White Dobbie appears as a gaunt, sorrowful-looking pilgrim with feverish eyes. Running ahead of him is a ghostly-looking scraggy white hare with bloodshot eyes. The mere sight of this ghoulish hare is said to be enough to terrify dogs and cause them to run away howling.

One local tale involving the White Dobbie happened within the sanctity of the church in Bardsea. A female bellringer here witnessed the spectral white hare leaping around the belfry as she tolled the passing bell for a death. The ominous White Dobbie stood next to her, sinisterly whispering, “Who for this time?” The phantom hare then leapt into the Dobbie’s pocket and stared out at her menacingly. The spectres only disappeared when two other people arrived at the belfry, surprising them. However, stories still tell of the Dobbie and the hare making appearances when the passing bell is rung or haunting the coastal roads. Local theories suggest that the Dobbie is the ghost of a murderer doomed to forever wander as punishment for their sin, while the hare contains the restless soul of their unfortunate victim. Cumbria, however, is not the only place where hares take on a more sinister form.

The Bolingbroke Hare, Lincolnshire

We turn our gaze across the country to Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, which is famously associated with a phantom white hare. In the 17th century, antiquarian Gervase Holles described a hare spirit that frequented the castle and grounds as “a certain truth” known to the local people. Local legend tells us that the hare is a transformed witch who had once been imprisoned at the castle. Historical accounts suggest the ghostly hare would leap over people or run between their legs, while any dogs sent after it would return to their owner crying. The spectral hare was frequently hunted by hounds, but could never be caught. Even to this day, some claim that the hare can be seen in the area during March, a month often linked with hares in folklore.

(Image: Hare at night. Source: Canva 2026)

Spectral Hares of Cornwall

Cornwall is rich in ghostly hare legends, but one such old traditional Cornish story tells the sad tale of “The Maiden’s Ghost”. A young woman who loved unwisely, died broken hearted after being deceived by her lover. Still forlorn, she is said to haunt her former suitor in the guise of a hare. The phantom hare was said to follow him everywhere, but could not be seen by anyone but him. As with all folklore, there are different versions of the tale. While the spectral hare sometimes saves her betrayer’s life, the haunting ultimately leads to his doom.

The “White Hare of Looe” is one fine example of the Maiden’s Ghost. The white hare here is a ghostly apparition that is said to be the spirit of a girl who took her own life after being jilted by a local man. The hare is said to roam the road between Talland Bay and one of the oldest pubs in Looe, The Jolly Sailor.

According to tradition, the white hare is the ghost of a girl called Sarah who fell head over heels in love with a local lad. Sadly, that local lad was handsome, easily bored, and had a roving eye. Despite promising to marry Sarah, he called off the wedding as he had fallen for the barmaid of the Jolly Sailor. This was too much for Sarah to bear, and stricken with heartbreak, she took her own life.

Sarah’s grief was too strong and extended beyond death, as her spirit returned in the form of a ghostly white hare. The apparition haunted the old road, and she would follow her former lover to and from the pub.

The hare would sometimes appear in front of her ex-lover and his new lady, and he began to suspect that the hare was much more than a curious living animal. The hare would gaze at him with sorrowful eyes, and guilt and shame weighed on him. After a time, the lad became sick and died from an unknown illness. Since then, it is said that meeting a white hare in this region may bring bad luck, misfortune, and sometimes death. Just imagine walking along that coastal road at night and catching a glimpse of something white moving ahead of you…

Shapeshifting, Otherworldly Beings

Hares lead a shadowy existence, preferring to feed in the fading light of dusk or at night, which lends a natural air of mystery to them as animals. The ancient Celts, for example, revered them as sacred creatures that were connected to divination and the otherworld.  Hares roam on the periphery of our vision and between the boundaries of day and night. Perhaps that’s why they are sometimes viewed as liminal beings, creatures that exist in the boundary between this world and the otherworld. This makes them ideal animals for ghost stories as they travel easily through the night, passing through the veil.

These curious creatures are also famous in northern European folklore as being one of the most common disguises of witches.  In the past, it was widely believed that witches could shapeshift by transforming into animals, especially hares, so they could roam the countryside unseen. Some historical court records even highlight this belief, for example, at the trial of Julian Cox in 1663, where witnesses claimed to have seen a hare disappear only to be replaced by a woman. Another recurring theme in shapeshifting stories involves hunters wounding a fleeing hare, only to later find a local woman with an identical wound.  The connection to shapeshifting blurs the line between human and animal, and human and spectral. Does this link to witches, therefore, reinforce hares as a symbol of the supernatural?

Unlike many other animals, hares may more often appear as ghosts and apparitions because of the transition in their status from revered, almost deity creatures, to devilish monsters. Some folklorists note that the gods of one era often become the devils of another. It’s not hard to imagine that hares may have once been seen as divine animals by early peoples, but later became objects of fear, suspicion, and ill omens under new belief systems as new religions took over.

(Image: A hare. Coloured wood engraving. Source: Wellcome Collection gallery 2018-03-22)

Phantom hares are sometimes believed to contain the souls of the dead. In the Bardsea legend, for example, the white hare was thought to hold the unquiet spirit of the murdered victim. They are also seen as omens of tragedy, as their appearance in folklore is often a warning of a fatal accident or approaching storm. Rather than just a common animal ghost, this makes them a source of omens and portents. It was considered especially unlucky to see white hares at the turn of the 19th century, as they were believed to foretell misfortune or doom to the onlooker.

No Ordinary Animal

Hares have always existed on the edge of things. They move between the boundaries between field and woodland, day and night, and the familiar and the unknown.  It is therefore no surprise that folklore places them between two worlds as well: part animal, part spirit, and sometimes even containing a human’s soul.

From melancholy ghost stories in Cornwall to ominous sightings on quiet Cumbrian roads, these creatures carry more than just the symbolism of spring with them. They encapsulate something older and something less simple to explain. They bring unease and a feeling that not everything we see in the gloaming belongs entirely to this world. If you happen to catch sight of one at dusk, and see it watching back, you might hesitate and wonder whether you’ve seen just an ordinary animal, or something more.

Reference list

Dead Maids Crossroads: Duels, Dogs and Dark Folklore in Wiltshire

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A tale of jealousy, violence, and a spectral hound.

(Image: Dead Maids Junction on the A36. Source: Maurice Pullin 2008)

Some place names are scenic. Others are puzzling. And then there are those that stop you mid-journey.

“Dead Maids.”

I first noticed the name while travelling through the quiet Wiltshire countryside near Salisbury, at a crossroads on the A36. Surrounded by rolling fields and woodland, nothing about the landscape seems sinister at first glance. Yet names like Dead Maids Crossroads, Black Dog Woods, and Black Dog Hill suggest something darker beneath the surface: a story rooted in violence, grief, and restless spirits.

In this stretch of countryside between Warminster and Bath, folklore seems to cling to the hedgerows, and the veil between history and haunting feels unnervingly thin.

A Duel at Dawn

(Image: A Duel. Source: Historia de las Armas de Fuego 2015)

The most widespread legend of the area at Chapmanslade and Dilton Marsh is linked to the crossroads, known as “Dead Maids”. Local folklore tells of a farmer’s daughter, perhaps from what is now called “Dead Maids Farm”, who found herself in a love triangle, pursued by two eligible suitors between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Initially, neither man knew of the other, and the farmer’s daughter enjoyed the affections of both for a time. Inevitably, this deception was unmasked, and the men quarrelled over who should win the hand of the girl in marriage. The girl could not choose between them, and it was agreed that a duel would decide the issue once and for all.

At dawn, the two suitors faced one another on a windswept hill while the faithful black dog of one of the men quietly watched on. The pistols were fired, and one of the men fell, shot through and killed instantly. As he fell, his trusty dog, driven by despair, exacted immediate justice on the apparent victor of the duel. The beast, desperate to avenge his master, savaged the victor and tore out his throat before vanishing into the dense, shadowed woods: never to be seen alive again.

Buried at the Crossroads

After the duel, the farmer’s daughter, grief-stricken and distraught at the violence she had incited, tragically took her own life. In those days, people who had ended their own lives were denied burial in consecrated ground, sometimes being interred at parish boundaries or crossroads. The multiple directions of crossroads were believed to confuse any troubled spirit, preventing it from rising and finding its way back to haunt the living.

It is from this tragedy that the crossroads got its name, and it is said that the unfortunate dog later died of grief in those same woods, now named “Black Dog Woods”, and haunts them even to this day.

(Image: Map of Black Dog Wood & Dead Maids. Source: OpenStreetMap 2025)

The Black Dog of the Hill

Yet the tale of the duel and the grieving dog is not the only explanation for the name “Black Dog Hill”. Some claim it was the very hill where the sad duel was fought, but others tell the tale of a dastardly highwayman who hid in the shadows here. Before the A36 was straightened in the 1970s, the road here used to twist and turn up the hill. These sharp bends provided ideal cover for highwaymen.

One particular rogue would lie in wait in the darkness with his companion, a large, highly trained black dog. As a stagecoach slowed down to navigate the bend, the beast would leap onto the vehicle and sink its teeth into the driver’s neck, bringing the coach to a halt. While the carriage was at a standstill, the highwayman would rob the passengers with little resistance.

(Image: A Highwayman. Souce: Wikimedia Commons 2008)

One day, however, the highwayman’s reign of fear was cut short when he was eventually shot dead. The fate of his trusty canine accomplice remains a mystery, but there are those who say Black Dog Hill is now haunted by a spectral black hound.

Whether born from tragedy at dawn or the violence of highway robbery, the black dog lingers here in local memory. Perhaps it is merely the human need to impose meaning on cruel twists of fate such as these. Or perhaps something older moves through these woods after dark.

Today, traffic passes quickly over Dead Maids Crossroads. Drivers rarely slow, and few know the stories attached to the name on the signpost. But folklore has a way of outlasting roads, maps, and modern scepticism.

And if you find yourself travelling that stretch at dusk, you might glance towards the treeline.
Just in case something dark and doglike is watching from the shadows.

(Image: Black Dog. Source: Maria Anisimoba 2012)

Sources

Punkie Night: Somerset’s Lantern Festival and Its Connection to Halloween, Samhain & Púca Night

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Light flickering in the Autumn Dark

When the October sky over Somerset turns a bruised purple and the moon hangs low, the village streets spring to life with a glow that feels both ancient and mischievous. Children clutch glowing carved lanterns, their faces lit by flickering candles, while the air fills with a chant that has echoed through the countryside for generations:

“It’s Punkie Night tonight… Give us a candle, give us a light…”

(Image: Punkie Lanterns. Source: Punkie Night/Facebook)

This eerie procession, known as Punkie Night, is more than a quirky local festival; it is a living link to centuries-old customs that once guided lost souls, kept wandering malevolent spirits at bay, and turned the darkness of early winter into a community celebration. Here we’ll uncover the origins of the “punkie” lantern, trace the folklore from 19th‑century Somerset to the Celtic “Púca Night,” and explore how this regional tradition mirrors the modern Halloween rituals we know today.

What Exactly is Punkie Night?

Punkie Night is a lantern festival peculiar to Somerset, celebrated in villages such as Hinton St George. It takes place on the last Thursday of October every year.

The word “punkie” in Punkie Night originates from a local name for a lantern, with possible connections to “pumpkin,” “punky” (a term for a young child’s ghost), or the Old English word “punk” (timber or tinder).

On Punkie Night, local people carve glowing lanterns from ‘mangelwurzels’, a type of large beetroot grown for cattle feed. Once carved and lit from within by candles, these ‘punkies’ are carried through the street by children and adults alike, often wearing costumes. Traditionally, the punkies are borne through the streets or door to door in a noisy parade, where those carrying them call for treats or candles to light their lanterns, singing:

(Image: Magelwurzels. Source: Punkie Night/Facebook)

“It’s Punkie Night tonight,
It’s Punkie Night tonight,
Give us a candle, give us a light,
If you don’t, you’ll get a fright.

It’s Punkie Night tonight,
It’s Punkie Night tonight,
Adam and Eve wouldn’t believe,
It’s Punkie Night tonight.”

Iona Opie and Peter Opie described this Somerset custom beautifully in The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren (Oxford University Press, 1987):

“To children in south Somerset a punkie is a home-made mangel-wurzel lantern of more artistic manufacture than those commonly made elsewhere for Hallowe’en. Laboriously executed designs, or floral patterns, or even scenes with houses, horses, dogs, or ships, are cut on the surface of the mangels, so that when the flesh has been carefully scooped out—leaving just a quarter of an inch to support the skin—and the stump of a candle has been lighted within, the designs become transparencies, and the lanterns ‘glow in the dark with a warm golden light’. These lanterns (reported from Long Sutton and Hinton St. George) are carried by a loop of string secured through two holes near the top just beneath the lid of the lantern. At Hinton St. George, where Punkie Night is the fourth Thursday in October, some sixty children come out into the street with their lanterns, and parade through the village in rival bands, calling at houses and singing.”

A Tale of Lost Men and Heroic Wives

According to local lore, Punkie Night can be traced back to when a group of Hinton St George men ventured to the nearby Chiselborough Fair in the early 1800s. The men spent their time at the fair drinking and carousing, and when they tried to return home after night fell, they soon lost their way. Although their village was only a few miles away, they became lost in the darkness without lanterns to light their path and were unable to find their way home.

(Image: Punkie Parade. Source: Punkie Night/Facebook)

Their wives back in Hinton St George were distraught with worry and carved makeshift lanterns from mangelwurzels and took to the streets in search of their wayward husbands. Some say that when the men first spotted the light from the women’s lanterns glowing in the darkness, they mistook them for will o’ the wisps, or even restless spirits, and ran away in terror. Once they realised the flickering punkies were held by their heroic wives, they were soon guided home to safety.

Older Roots of Punkie Night and Shared Traditions

Punkie Night was first recorded in the 19th Century but may have much older roots. In Ireland, there is a Celtic celebration called “Púca Night” which has Otherworldly connections. Here, Púca refers to fairies and sprites, which were not necessarily clearly delineated ideas from ghosts and spirits in Irish folklore. Similar to Samhain, Halloween, and Punkie Night, the veil between the world of the living and the dead is believed to thin at this time. Lanterns were said to guide lost souls back to their homes and also ward off the spirits of the dead who would roam the land of the living during this liminal period.

In these traditions, there is also the shared custom of children and adults going door to door ‘souling’ to ask for something. In Púca Night and Halloween, children ask for sweets and candy, and on Punkie Night, a candle for their punkie was requested.

Both Punkie Night and Halloween also feature chanting or singing to request these gifts. In Punkie Night, children sing their traditional Punkie Night song, while modern trick or treaters might chant the popular naughty rhyme:

“Trick or treat,
Smell my feet,
Give me something good to eat!
If you don’t, I don’t care –
I’ll pull down your underwear!”

(Image: Jack-O-Latern. Source: Toby Ord, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons)

The carving of faces in punkies also has similarities to the customs of Samhain and modern Halloween. Scary faces were carved into turnip lanterns on Samhain and were placed in windows or carried outside to deter evil spirits. This has been adopted into modern Halloween traditions with carved pumpkin jack-o-lanterns being placed on window sills and on doorsteps.

These celebrations all incorporated themes of darkness, spirits of the dead, and the turning of the year. They belong to the season when the nights draw in, the harvest has ended, and people once believed that the dead and otherworldly spirits walked the earth. In this respect, Punkie Night can be seen as a regional English counterpart to Púca Night, Samhain, and Halloween. It is a survival of the same autumnal fears, folklore, and festivities that people experience at this time of year, but shaped by Somerset’s rhythms and spirit.

Why Punkie Night Endures

Punkie Night endures, weaving together folklore, community, and the timeless human fascination with light in the dark. From the crude lanterns carved by anxious wives in the 1800s to the elaborate mangelwurzel “punkies” paraded by today’s children, the festival captures a uniquely Somerset spirit while reflecting broader autumnal rites such as Samhain, Púca Night, and contemporary trick‑or‑treating. By preserving this tradition, the village of Hinton St George keep alive a story that celebrates resilience, imagination, and the comforting glow of shared history, proving that even as the nights grow longer, the light of community burns ever brighter.

Reference list

Exciting Updates and New Adventures!

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Hello, dear readers!

It’s been a while since I last connected with you all, and I wanted to take a moment to share some updates about my journey over the past couple of years. As many of you know, I relaunched my blog just over two years ago, and since then, I’ve faced some significant challenges, including two bereavements that have made it difficult for me to write and share as often as I would like.

However, I’m pleased to say that things are beginning to settle down, and I’m feeling my energy return. I’m excited to announce that I’ll be posting more frequently about topics that truly fascinate me, such as ghosts, folklore, the paranormal, and all things fortean, weird, and wonderful in history.

You can expect updates on events I’ve attended and the occasional review of a paranormal book that’s caught my eye. To keep things interesting, I’ll be mixing my usual longer pieces with some shorter, snappier posts.

Writing Beyond the Blog

In addition to my blog, I hope to continue writing articles for magazines and zines like “Haunted Magazine” and The Mardler Zine , as well as contributing to websites such as Unexplained.ie. I’m also looking to write pieces for inclusion in books, similar to my contributions to The Feminine Macabre Volume VII by Amanda R. Woomer , Hidden Haunts England by W.J Gilbert, and Not Of This Wold: An Anthology of Weird Lincolnshire Writing by Kate Cherrell. If you haven’t checked these out yet, I highly encourage you to do so!

Expanding My Horizons

I’m also opening myself up more to collaboration such as writing guest posts, podcast interviews, online storytelling events, and livestream interviews, like the ones I did for The Time Between Times with Owen Staton here:

With the East Anglian Folklore Centre as part of their ‘Tales for the Trees’ event, and with GhostÉire last year. Watch here:

If you haven’t had a chance to listen to those, I recommend giving them a go!

Please keep in mind that all of my work is done outside of my day job and voluntarily, so there may be lulls in posting when life gets busy. However, I truly hope to be more frequent with my updates.

A New Podcast on the Horizon

On top of that, I’m thrilled to share that I’m working on a podcast to complement my blog! I hope to have more details on that by the end of this year or early 2026.

Thank you all for your continued support and understanding during this time. I can’t wait to embark on this new chapter with you!

Stay tuned for more spooky adventures!

Firelight Tales: A Festive Summer Solstice at the Hellfire Caves.

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(Image: Summer Solstice Sunset over West Wycombe. Source: E.Holohan 2025)

As the sun reached its highest point on the longest day of the year, an energy filled the West Wycombe “Hellfire Caves”, beckoning to those eager to celebrate the Summer Solstice in a truly extraordinary manner. This historic site, rich in folklore and mystery, provided the perfect setting for a gathering that paid homage to the changing seasons while exploring fascinating pagan traditions. The Summer Solstice has been of significance for centuries across many cultures, symbolising light, renewal, and the changing of the seasons. On 21st June 2025, I had the opportunity to attend the Summer Solstice celebration at the Hellfire Caves and the Walled Garden Café in West Wycombe. The festivities kicked off at 4 PM and continued until 8 PM, offering a delightful mix of history and community spirit. In this post, we’ll delve into the importance of the Summer Solstice, the intriguing history of the Hellfire Caves, and the lively rituals that unite pagans. I’ll also share my personal reflections on this experience, capturing the essence of the day and the connections made with fellow attendees. So, come along as we embark on a journey through time and tradition, discovering how the Summer Solstice at the Hellfire Caves not only honours the past but also sparked a sense of wonder in everyone who took part.

The Significance of the Summer Solstice

The Summer Solstice is the time of year where the longest day meets the shortest night of the year, and here the ‘longest day’ refers to the day of the year with the most hours of daylight. In England, the summer solstice marks both the start of summer and, surprisingly, also midsummer. It is the time of the year when the sun is at its highest point in the sky, heralding the beginning of the astronomical summer. Meteorological summer, on the other hand, begins in the Northern Hemisphere almost a month earlier, so for many this time of year is also considered midsummer. Whichever way you prefer to view it, this is a special time of year signifying light, renewal and abundance, and since prehistory, it has been a significant time of year in many cultures, marked by festivals, fire and rituals.

(Image: Pagan wheel of the year. Photo by Monstera Production on Pexels.com)

The Oak King and the Holly King are two mythical figures linked to the Summer Solstice and the ever-turning of the seasons, both being personifications of winter and summer.  The two kings are engaged in a perpetual battle of light over darkness, crop renewal and growth. At the time of the Summer Solstice, the Oak King, the lord of the brighter part of the year, is at the height of his power, while the Holly King begins his slow return towards the renewal of winter.  He slowly regains his power at the autumn equinox, and by the time of the midwinter, it is the Holly King’s time to be at the height of his strength. It is at this point the Oak King is reborn to build up his power at the spring equinox, where he once again succeeds as ruler.

Our Journey and Arrival at West Wycombe

With parts of the UK experiencing their first heatwave of the year, my husband Ed, our friend Claire and I drove down from Bristol through the scorching sun. I wore my new Green Man dress, which I felt fitted the event, but immediately regretted not bringing a hat due to the searing heat of about 30°C.

s we arrived at the event, the atmosphere buzzed with excitement and anticipation. The sun shone brightly overhead, casting a warm glow on the vibrant surroundings. The festive spirit of the event was palpable, setting the stage for a truly memorable celebration of the Summer Solstice.  

(Image: Aldbury Morris Men. Source: E.Holohan 2025)

First up after we arrived, we spotted the Morris Dancers, the Aldbury Morris Men, a troupe from the Cotswolds that has been going since 1969. Their dances featured a blend of Cotswold traditions and some Border styles, accompanied by music and singing.  Their rhythmic dances, accompanied by the clacking of staves and the jingling of bells, created an infectious energy that drew in the crowd. Around this time, I was almost pickpocketed by their naughty hobby horse, but my eagle eye spotted him in time before he made off with my purse! After chasing him down for a photo, he ‘mooned’ me! How rude! He claimed that as it was the summer solstice, it was a time for both the sun and the ‘moon’ to come out! 

We watched the Morris Men perform several traditional dances, clacking their staves and jingling their bells as they went. Claire even took the opportunity to join in when they invited people to learn a dance with them. Not being a natural dancer myself, I felt too shy to participate but watched in amusement and interest from the sidelines.

Exploring the Hellfire Caves

After this we headed to the Hellfire Caves to cool off and catch one of Stevyn Colgan’s Solstice lectures on the folklore and traditions surrounding the solstice.

(Image: West Wycombe Caves. Source: E.Holohan 2025)

The West Wycombe “Hellfire” Caves in Buckinghamshire are a fascinating network of man-made caves carved from chalk and flint during the mid-18th century. They are famously linked to the Order of the Friars of St Francis of Wycombe, commonly known as the “Hellfire Club”, an infamous society that was established by Sir Francis Dashwood, who used the caves for their meetings and rituals.

The caves were originally dug out to provide work for local people facing tough agricultural hardship, with the materials taken from the site being used to build a new road. Over time, however, the caves transformed into a base for the Hellfire Club’s activities, which featured mock religious ceremonies and extravagant banquets, adding to the site’s notoriety for secrecy and hedonism.

I’d met Stevyn Colgan briefly at the Wycombe Paranormal Convention in 2024, where I first heard him speak, so I knew we’d be in for a treat with his talk today.

Stevyn Colgan is a British writer, artist, and speaker. He spent three decades as a police officer in London from 1980 to 2010 before moving into the creative field as a researcher and scriptwriter for the BBC series ‘QI’ and its companion show, ‘The Museum of Curiosity’, until 2018. Colgan also co-hosts the podcast ‘We’d Like a Word’, which delves into the world of books and authors. Colgan is a passionate forager and keen student of British folklore, identifying as an author, illustrator, speaker, and folklorist. On social media he describes himself as an “ex-QI elf” and “Cornish pisky” and claims to be “mostly made of hair and tea”.

(Image: Stevyn Colgan and the Hogarth Carving. Source: E.Holohan 2025)

Colgan led us into the caves and started by briefly telling us some of the history and background to the caves and the Hellfire Club. At one point he pointed out a carving by painter William Hogarth said to be of Dashwood in a pope’s hat, as the Hellfire Club enjoyed mocking the Church. Looking at the carving, it is good that Hogarth stuck with the painting instead. Of more modern interest, he described how the caves famously featured in the film “Beetlejuice, Beetlejuice” (2024), whose funeral scene was filmed on the estate.

His discussion on the Summer Solstice delved into its fascinating history, myths, folklore, and traditions. Colgan told us how Milton Keynes, known for its distinctive urban layout, contains Midsummer Boulevard, which aligns perfectly with the sunrise on the summer solstice, making it a key spot for celebrations. Modern druids and witches often gather for the Midsummer festival there, which includes the Light Pyramid sculpture in Campbell Park, also aligned with the solstice sunrise.

(Image: Inside the Hellfire Caves. Source: E.Blackshaw 2025)

The solstice signifies a time of change, dividing the year into four distinct seasons, with equinoxes marking important agricultural periods like lambing and harvest. Midsummer Day, celebrated on the Pagan 22nd, and St John’s Day on the 24th in the Christian calendar are both traditionally marked by bonfires. These fires have a long history of being used for purification rituals, where young people would leap over the flames, and animals would pass through to rid themselves of ticks. The term “bonfire” actually comes from the practice of burning animal bones on these fires.

Celebrations during this time often involve feasting, dancing, and various other rituals. One tradition is to pick a flower and place it in a vase; if it wilts to the left, it is considered bad luck, while wilting to the right brings good fortune. There is also the “dumb cake” ritual, where silence must be maintained while preparing the cake, with the first slice believed to reveal one’s future husband. Additionally, on the eve of the Summer Solstice, it is said that ghostly figures knock on church doors at midnight, representing those who are destined to pass away that year. The dressing of holy wells is another part of the solstice traditions, emphasising the deep connection to nature and the spiritual significance of this time of year.

Food, Music and Flames

Feeling cooler and refreshed from the lower temperatures of the caves, we made our way back to the Walled Garden Café ‘paddock’ to enjoy a bite to eat from the food vans and listen to lively folk music performed by “My Mate Dave”, a female-fronted folk band. We set down our colourful picnic blanket and ate pizza, relaxed and listened to the festive tunes while majestic red kites hovered overhead in search of small prey for their own supper.

(Image: Summer Solstice Celebration. Source: E.Holohan 2025)

It was soon time for the Solstice Bonfire. The bonfire was lit a distance away from revellers for safety, but it still packed a punch; its roaring flames were impressive and primal in this already very hot weather.  Bonfires on the summer solstice have ancient roots, traditionally lit to honour the sun, promote good harvests and protect from evil spirits. These practices are found in various cultures, including Celtic, Slavic, and Germanic traditions, with bonfires symbolising the sun’s strength and its role in the agricultural cycle.

Throughout the day there were other events for families and festivalgoers such as a costume competition, face painting and summer wreath and flower crown making. These activities created a joyful, family-friendly atmosphere that made the event even more memorable.

A Visit to the Dashwood Mausoleum

(Image: Dashwood Mausoleum. Source: E.Blackshaw 2025)

After the event concluded, we took a brief trip up to the Dashwood mausoleum, located on top of the West Wycombe Hill. The mausoleum is a hexagonal structure built of Portland stone and flint and serves as a private burial ground for the Dashwood family, including Sir Francis Dashwood and his relatives. The mausoleum is also known for housing an urn containing the heart of Paul Whitehead, a friend of Sir Francis and steward of the Hellfire Club.

We explored and lingered here a while, witnessing a vibrant rainbow appear in the sky over West Wycombe. After a moment of reflection and quiet contemplation, we finally set off back to Bristol in the soft, dwindling Summer Solstice light.

Embracing the Spirit of the Summer Solstice: Celebrating Connection and Community

(Image: With the hobby horse. Source: C.Lewis 2025)

Looking back on the day, I feel a deep sense of gratitude for the chance to celebrate the Summer Solstice in such a unique setting. From the entertaining performances of the Morris Dancers to the enlightening lecture held in the Hellfire Caves, every moment contributed to a richer appreciation of this ancient tradition. The joy of celebrating as a community was infused throughout the day as families and friends gathered to take part in the festivities, creating lasting memories together. The Summer Solstice serves as a beautiful reminder of the wonders of nature and the importance of connection, both with the earth and with one another. I invite readers to share their own summer solstice experiences or thoughts, as we continue to celebrate the light and warmth that this time of year brings.

If you enjoyed reading about my Summer Solstice experience, I would encourage you to seek out similar events in the future. Participating in community celebrations not only enriches our lives but also fosters a sense of belonging and connection. Please feel free to share this post or leave a comment with your own Summer Solstice stories or reflections. Let’s keep the spirit of the Summer Solstice alive by sharing our experiences and celebrating the light together!

(Image: Rainbow over West Wycombe. Source: E.Holohan 2025)

References

Oweynagat Cave and the Irish Origins of Samhain and Halloween

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(Neopagans in Ireland celebrating Samhain. Image Credit: Unknown author, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

Tucked away in the beautiful scenic landscape of County Roscommon, Ireland, lies a mysterious and legendary cave known as “Oweynagat” (pronounced “Oen-na-gat”), also known as ‘Cave of the Cats’. This ancient cave is believed to be the mythical entrance to the Otherworld, Ireland’s Gate to Hell, a supernatural realm in Irish mythology. Oweynagat is one of the most important places linked to the ancient Celtic festival of “Samhain”, the forerunner to the modern Halloween. Steeped in lore and shrouded in mystery, Oweynagat is a powerful symbol of Ireland’s ancient spiritual heritage and the very origins of Halloween.

The Mythology of Oweynagat

Oweynagat is part of Rathcroghan, a major archaeological complex that served as a royal site for the ancient Irish kingdom of Connacht. This area comprises over 250 archaeological features; it is an area surrounded by many ancient sites, monuments, holy wells and standing stones. Rathcroghan is deeply linked to Queen Medb, a famous warrior queen in Irish mythology, and features heavily in stories of the “Ulster Cycle”, one of the four great story cycles of Irish mythology.

(An ogham stone which forms the lintel of Oweynagat Cave. Image Credit: Cathalpeelo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimed)

Oweynagat is often described in these tales as the “gateway to the Otherworld.” Irish mythology describes the cave as a place where powerful forces of the supernatural were said to reside. During Samhain, it was believed that the veil between the human world and the Otherworld was at its thinnest, allowing spirits, fairies, and other entities to pass through more easily. The cave itself was seen as a physical gateway through which supernatural beings could enter the mortal realm, making it a focal point for rituals and lore featuring Samhain.

One of the most famous legends associated with Oweynagat in relation to Samhain is known as ‘The Adventures of Nera”. One Samhain night, Ailill and Medb, ancient rulers of Rathcroghan, dared anyone to tie a rope around the foot of a captive hanging on a nearby gallows. They promised a reward to anyone who succeeded. Nera, a brave warrior, accepted this challenge. Decked out in his armour, he approached the captive and managed to tie the rope, only for the captive to come to life, asking Nera for a drink as a last request.

Nera agreed and carried the captive on his back to find water. As they passed three houses, each were marked by strange omens such as a lake of fire surrounding one, the captive finally drank from a slop bucket in one of the homes. In a final act of revenge, he spat his last sip on the faces of the house’s occupants, who died instantly. Returning the captive to his execution site, Nera then witnessed a horrifying vision of his home in flames and his people slain by an otherworldly army. When he followed this mysterious army into the underworld of Oweynagat, he found himself before a faery king.

(Underworld Army. Image Credit: Bing AI)

The faery king ordered Nera to bring wood daily to a house within the faery mound, where Nera met and married a faery woman. She shared many of the secrets of the faery world, warning him that his vision of his people’s demise could come true if he didn’t alert them. When Nera finally returned, only moments had passed in the human world despite his long stay in the faery mound.

Ailill and Medb, taking Nera’s warning seriously, prepared to attack the faery mound the next Samhain. Nera returned to his faery wife, who revealed she was pregnant with his child and encouraged him to escape with his family from the faery realm before the attack. He agreed and watched as the men of Connacht destroyed the faery mound, retrieving the powerful Crown of Briun, one of Ireland’s three great treasures.

Nera, however, remained forever tied to the faery world, never to be seen again in the mortal realm. The tale ends with his fate sealed, waiting in the faery mound until the end of time. The cave has since been claimed to be the birthplace of Halloween due to this story being set at Samhain.

(The Morrigan. Image Credit: Nabilsai, 2024)

Another legend relating to the cave at Oweynagat is that it is the home of the Morrígan, a Celtic war goddess who, according to tradition, emerges from the cave each Samhain to bring chaos to the land.  Ailill and Medb’s cats, who were supposed to roam out of Oweynagat on Samhain, are among the other mythological animals connected to the cave. They represent the chaos and the forces of nature that were thought to be let loose on this night.

Samhain: The Roots of Halloween

Samhain celebrations have a long history that predates written records. Samhain heralded the start of the dark of winter and the conclusion of the harvest season for the Celts. It was thought to be observed between October 31st and November 1st, sunset to sunset. Due to it being a transitional period, there was thought to be little separation between this world and the Otherworld. The veil thinned, enabling communication between living people and supernatural entities.

According to legend, Oweynagat cave is thought to become a portal to the otherworld at this time of year, where faeries and mortals may enter each other’s respective worlds. According to folklorist and professor, Dorothy Bray, “Samhain was a time charged with great supernatural energy and ordinary natural laws were suspended. The idea of the otherworld developed into the idea of the afterlife, so Samhain became a time when the worlds of life and death meet, when the souls of the dead return and can be seen.”  


(Offerings to the spirits of the ancestors. Image Credit: ©E.Holohan 2024)

According to local archaeologist and historian, Daniel
Curley, “Monsters and manifestations would emerge, led by the goddess Morríghan,
to create a world ready for winter, including birds with foul breath that would
strip leaves from trees. Locals would stay indoors in fear of being dragged
into the other world when the ghouls had finished ravaging the land. If you had
to go outside you wore a costume and mask to look hideous. That way you would
be left alone and not dragged into the otherworld.”

Feasting, bonfires, and rituals honouring the ancestors were all part of Samhain. People made food and drink offerings outside their homes to calm any wandering spirits who were thought to be free to roam on this night. People sometimes wore frightening masks or costumes to either ward off or blend in with any supernatural creatures that had passed over into our world, and bonfires were lit to guide the way to lost spirits.

From Samhain to Halloween

Many ancient traditions were adapted and reinterpreted to conform to Christianity as it expanded over Ireland. On November 1st, the Church created All Saints’ Day, which is a day to commemorate saints and martyrs. The night before was called All Hallows’ Eve, which later transformed to “Halloween.”

Samhain rituals gave rise to modern Halloween traditions including trick-or-treating, pumpkin carving, and the wearing of spooky costumes. Wearing costumes to ward off any lost spirits gave rise to the Halloween custom of dressing up as monsters, ghosts, or other terrifying creatures. The modern custom of “trick-or-treating,” in which youngsters knock on doors looking for sweet treats, evolved from the habit of leaving out food offerings.

(Jack-O-Latern. Image Credit: Toby Ord, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons)

The jack-o’-lantern, another popular Halloween custom, has Irish origins too. In order to ward off evil spirits, people in Ireland used to carve swedes and place candles inside to make glowing lanterns. This custom was carried to America by Irish immigrants in the 19th century, and it eventually developed into the pumpkin lanterns we are accustomed to today

Oweynagat Cave Today

A trip to Oweynagat Cave provides a window into the past for those who are interested in learning more about the Irish origins of Halloween. Although the cave appears to be damp, murky and unassuming, it is simple to see why ancient humans sensed a power in its presence. Visitors may feel the weight of centuries’ worth of history, rituals and legend hanging in the air when they first enter Oweynagat cave.

Today, Halloween is mainly about entertaining costumes, sweets and light-hearted frights. However, Halloween’s origins lie much deeper; it has to do with ancestors, the cycles of nature, and myths surrounding the invisible realm. Oweynagat Cave is a mysterious reminder of the mythical beginnings of this well-known festival, as well as Ireland’s contributions to a festival now observed world over.

It is easy to imagine the ghosts of Rathcroghan’s ancient lands and possibly the cave’s mythical cats emerging from the depths of Oweynagat cave as Samhain draws near, serving as a powerful reminder that the real spirit of Halloween continues to reverberate throughout Ireland’s ancient landscapes.

Reference list

Magic and Mystery at the Grand Opening of Bristol’s Haunted Bookshop

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(The Haunted Bookshop, Bristol. Image Credit: ©E.Holohan)

On a mild autumn afternoon, I found myself standing in front of a brand-new gem in Bristol’s literary scene: the Haunted Bookshop. From the moment I saw its name gleaming on the sign above the shop, I knew I was in for something special.

“Step into a world of spine-chilling tales, mystical splendours, and ancient folklore as you explore our carefully curated collection of horror, fantasy, and witchcraft books,” the shop website says; “Whether you’re seeking spine-tingling thrills, fantastical adventures, or a deeper understanding of the occult, our shelves are brimming with stories sure to enchant you.”

(The Haunted Bookshop, Bristol. Image Credit: ©E.Holohan)

As soon as I stepped inside, it was as if I’d been transported to another realm. Dim lighting and wooden bookshelves lined with volumes of witchcraft, folklore, fantasy, and horror greeted me warmly.

I started with the books, of course. Being an unashamed lover of the weird and the wonderful, I couldn’t resist diving into their collection of witchcraft tomes, folklore books, and horror novels. Each shelf seemed to whisper promises of untold stories and ancient wisdom. After some delightful browsing, I settled on two books: one on folklore and another on modern witchcraft. Both felt like treasures in my hands, and I couldn’t wait to dig in and lose myself in their pages.

(Inside the bookshop. Image Credit: ©E.Holohan)

But the Haunted Bookshop wasn’t just about books. It was a haven for all things witchy and mystical. Scattered throughout the shop were displays of witchcraft supplies: delicate candles in deep purples and blacks, bundles of sage tied with twine, and shelves gleaming with crystals of every color. I was immediately drawn to a striking crow-shaped crystal, charcoal grey and glossy, which seemed to call out to me from across the room. It felt right in my hand, and before I knew it, it was mine. Along with a tote bag (because who can resist a good bookish tote?), and some adorable ghost-themed metal pin badges—perfect little nods to the spooky vibes.

One of the highlights of the visit was chatting with the shop’s owner. Monika had a warm, earthy energy, the kind you’d expect from someone who truly believes in the magic of what they’re doing. We talked about the inspiration behind the shop, her love for esoteric books, and how important it is to create a space where people can explore these topics freely.

In her recent interview with Bristol24/7 Monika said: “I’ve always read horror and fantasy books and liked spooky things, Halloween is my favourite time of the year, so I just wanted to stand out.”

Monika credits her grandmother as being the one to have instilled a passion for books in her, having grown up spending a lot of time in her grandmother’s bookshop. Downstairs, Monika said she plans on opening a comfy seating area ready to start hosting events such as horror book clubs, tarot card readings and more.

(Drinks and mushroom shaped biscuits. Image Credit: ©E.Holohan)

As we chatted, she handed me a glass of prosecco to toast the opening. I sipped and soaked it all in; this cozy, mystical bookshop, where like-minded souls could gather and find a little magic of their own.

And just when I thought the experience couldn’t get any better, I was towards a plate of mushroom-shaped biscuits, which felt like a whimsical finishing touch to the whole evening. Slightly sweet, slightly earthy, and deliciously unique; just like the shop itself.

Leaving the Haunted Bookshop felt like stepping back into the real world after a brief, enchanted escape. But as I walked out into the bustle of Stokes Croft, my bag filled with books, a crow crystal, and other witchy goodies, I couldn’t help but feel that I had taken a piece of that magic with me. There’s something comforting about knowing that spaces like this exist, where the curious and the mystical meet in such a beautiful, welcoming way.

(My haul of goodies. Image Credit: ©E.Holohan)

The Haunted Bookshop is sure to become one of my favorite haunts (pun intended), and I can’t wait to go back, especially as the colder months draw in. There’s just something about autumn, witchcraft, and folklore that feels so perfectly intertwined. If you’re ever in Bristol and want to indulge in a little magic, mystery, and literary wonder, this is the place to be. And who knows—maybe you’ll even leave with your own bit of enchanted treasure.

Open Tuesday to Saturday, from 12-6pm, you’ll find The Haunted Bookshop at 43 Stokes Croft, Bristol BS1 3PY.

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